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1 individual therapy
Социология: индивидуальная терапия, индивидуальное лечение -
2 therapy
[ˈθerəpɪ]art therapy "художественная" терапия (использование танцевальных движений в лечебных целях) client group therapy групповое лечение больных crisis therapy медицинский уход за больными, находящимися в состоянии кризиса (комы); интенсивная терапия; реанимация family therapy семейная терапия fever therapy мед. лихорадочная терапия, электропирексия group therapy групповое лечение individual therapy индивидуальная терапия; индивидуальное лечение marital therapy брачная терапия music therapy музыкальная терапия pair therapy парная терапия; сменная терапия play therapy игровая терапия social therapy социальная (общественная) терапия therapy лечение, терапия work therapy трудовая терапия -
3 therapy
ˈθerəpɪ сущ. лечение, терапия music therapy ≈ музыкальная терапия recreational therapy ≈ лечение отдыхом electro-convulsive therapy electro-shock therapy group therapy inhalation therapy occupational therapy physical therapy radiation therapy shock therapy speech therapy X-ray therapy Syn: treatment, cure лечение, терапия - X-ray * лучевая терапия - cancer * терапия рака - speech * логопедия - occupational * профессиональная переподготовка - * at the hospital лечение в больнице, клиническое лечение методы лечения - the therapies of cancer методы лечения рака лекарственное действие art ~ "художественная" терапия (использование танцевальных движений в лечебных целях) client group ~ групповое лечение больных crisis ~ медицинский уход за больными, находящимися в состоянии кризиса (комы) ;
интенсивная терапия;
реанимация family ~ семейная терапия fever ~ мед. лихорадочная терапия, электропирексия group ~ групповое лечение individual ~ индивидуальная терапия;
индивидуальное лечение marital ~ брачная терапия music ~ музыкальная терапия pair ~ парная терапия;
сменная терапия play ~ игровая терапия social ~ социальная (общественная) терапия therapy лечение, терапия work ~ трудовая терапия -
4 IT
1) Общая лексика: информатизация, The Injury Triangle2) Компьютерная техника: Indent Tab, Is There, информационная технология3) Медицина: инсулинотерапия4) Военный термин: Immediate Transient Incapacitation Dose, Improved TARTAR, Information transport, Innovative Tests, Inspector of Trooping, Institute of Technology, Interoperability Testing, ignition temperature, imaging techniques, immediate transient, immediate transportation, improved technology, individual training, infantry training, initial track, innovative technology, inspection tag, instruction tag, integrating testing, interrogator-transponder, inventory transfer, item transfer5) Техника: identification transponder, independent testing, instrument test, intelligent terminal, interdigital transistor, interfering transmitter, inverse-time6) Сельское хозяйство: immunotherapy7) Математика: индуцированная топология (induced topology), теория информации (information theory)8) Политика: Italy9) Телекоммуникации: Information Type10) Сокращение: Information Technology (e.g., "IT-21, Information Technology for the 21st century"), Instruction Technique, Intermediate Trainer, Italy (NATO country code), income tax, Iran Time (GMT + 0300), Industrial Technology, Inspection Test, Inter-digital Transistor, intrathecal11) Физиология: Individual therapy, Inhalation Therapy, Intensive Therapy12) Вычислительная техника: input translator, internal translator, Iran Time (+0300, TZ), информационная техника, передача информации13) Нефть: information technology, приёмочные испытания (inspection test)14) Биохимия: Intratracheal15) Фирменный знак: Imagination Technology, Itt16) Бурение: натяжение на поверхности раздела (interfacial tension)17) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: neutral isolated, casing grounded, контроль при загрузке (initialization testing)18) Сетевые технологии: information transfer19) ЕБРР: Information Technology Department20) Полимеры: interfacial tension21) Контроль качества: initial tolerance22) Сахалин Р: initialization testing23) Медицинская техника: intimal thickening (ЭхоКГ)24) Химическое оружие: identifying tag25) Макаров: initial deformation temperature, interdigitated transistor, internal thread, international tolerance, isomeric transition26) Безопасность: Information Trickery27) Расширение файла: Music (Impulse Tracker), Settings (intalk)28) МИД: Information and Communication Technology, (Information and Communication Technology) ИТ (информационно-коммуникационные технологии)29) Электротехника: instrument transformer, insulating transformer31) СМС: Is The -
5 It
1) Общая лексика: информатизация, The Injury Triangle2) Компьютерная техника: Indent Tab, Is There, информационная технология3) Медицина: инсулинотерапия4) Военный термин: Immediate Transient Incapacitation Dose, Improved TARTAR, Information transport, Innovative Tests, Inspector of Trooping, Institute of Technology, Interoperability Testing, ignition temperature, imaging techniques, immediate transient, immediate transportation, improved technology, individual training, infantry training, initial track, innovative technology, inspection tag, instruction tag, integrating testing, interrogator-transponder, inventory transfer, item transfer5) Техника: identification transponder, independent testing, instrument test, intelligent terminal, interdigital transistor, interfering transmitter, inverse-time6) Сельское хозяйство: immunotherapy7) Математика: индуцированная топология (induced topology), теория информации (information theory)8) Политика: Italy9) Телекоммуникации: Information Type10) Сокращение: Information Technology (e.g., "IT-21, Information Technology for the 21st century"), Instruction Technique, Intermediate Trainer, Italy (NATO country code), income tax, Iran Time (GMT + 0300), Industrial Technology, Inspection Test, Inter-digital Transistor, intrathecal11) Физиология: Individual therapy, Inhalation Therapy, Intensive Therapy12) Вычислительная техника: input translator, internal translator, Iran Time (+0300, TZ), информационная техника, передача информации13) Нефть: information technology, приёмочные испытания (inspection test)14) Биохимия: Intratracheal15) Фирменный знак: Imagination Technology, Itt16) Бурение: натяжение на поверхности раздела (interfacial tension)17) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: neutral isolated, casing grounded, контроль при загрузке (initialization testing)18) Сетевые технологии: information transfer19) ЕБРР: Information Technology Department20) Полимеры: interfacial tension21) Контроль качества: initial tolerance22) Сахалин Р: initialization testing23) Медицинская техника: intimal thickening (ЭхоКГ)24) Химическое оружие: identifying tag25) Макаров: initial deformation temperature, interdigitated transistor, internal thread, international tolerance, isomeric transition26) Безопасность: Information Trickery27) Расширение файла: Music (Impulse Tracker), Settings (intalk)28) МИД: Information and Communication Technology, (Information and Communication Technology) ИТ (информационно-коммуникационные технологии)29) Электротехника: instrument transformer, insulating transformer31) СМС: Is The -
6 it
1) Общая лексика: информатизация, The Injury Triangle2) Компьютерная техника: Indent Tab, Is There, информационная технология3) Медицина: инсулинотерапия4) Военный термин: Immediate Transient Incapacitation Dose, Improved TARTAR, Information transport, Innovative Tests, Inspector of Trooping, Institute of Technology, Interoperability Testing, ignition temperature, imaging techniques, immediate transient, immediate transportation, improved technology, individual training, infantry training, initial track, innovative technology, inspection tag, instruction tag, integrating testing, interrogator-transponder, inventory transfer, item transfer5) Техника: identification transponder, independent testing, instrument test, intelligent terminal, interdigital transistor, interfering transmitter, inverse-time6) Сельское хозяйство: immunotherapy7) Математика: индуцированная топология (induced topology), теория информации (information theory)8) Политика: Italy9) Телекоммуникации: Information Type10) Сокращение: Information Technology (e.g., "IT-21, Information Technology for the 21st century"), Instruction Technique, Intermediate Trainer, Italy (NATO country code), income tax, Iran Time (GMT + 0300), Industrial Technology, Inspection Test, Inter-digital Transistor, intrathecal11) Физиология: Individual therapy, Inhalation Therapy, Intensive Therapy12) Вычислительная техника: input translator, internal translator, Iran Time (+0300, TZ), информационная техника, передача информации13) Нефть: information technology, приёмочные испытания (inspection test)14) Биохимия: Intratracheal15) Фирменный знак: Imagination Technology, Itt16) Бурение: натяжение на поверхности раздела (interfacial tension)17) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: neutral isolated, casing grounded, контроль при загрузке (initialization testing)18) Сетевые технологии: information transfer19) ЕБРР: Information Technology Department20) Полимеры: interfacial tension21) Контроль качества: initial tolerance22) Сахалин Р: initialization testing23) Медицинская техника: intimal thickening (ЭхоКГ)24) Химическое оружие: identifying tag25) Макаров: initial deformation temperature, interdigitated transistor, internal thread, international tolerance, isomeric transition26) Безопасность: Information Trickery27) Расширение файла: Music (Impulse Tracker), Settings (intalk)28) МИД: Information and Communication Technology, (Information and Communication Technology) ИТ (информационно-коммуникационные технологии)29) Электротехника: instrument transformer, insulating transformer31) СМС: Is The -
7 AIT
1) Общая лексика: Agency for Instructional Television2) Компьютерная техника: Advanced Intelligent Technology, afocal interferometer telescope3) Авиация: Automatic Integrity Test4) Американизм: Action Item Tracking5) Военный термин: Army individual test, Army intelligence translator, Aryan Invasion Theory, Automatic Identification Technology, advanced individual training, advanced infantry training, automotive information test, повышенная одиночная подготовка, Advanced Individual Training (the period following Basic Training, specialized training given each soldier based on his MOS (Military Occupational Specialty), ie MOS 11B10, 11B20 received Infantry training etc.)6) Техника: Architect In Training, augmented inspection team7) Шутливое выражение: Ants In Training, Apathetic Incompetent Troglodytes8) Математика: Algorithmic Information Theory9) Юридический термин: Antiquated Inept Thieves10) Телекоммуникации: Artificially Inflated Traffic (фиктивный телекоммуникационный трафик, генерируемый автоматическими устройствами, а не реальными абонентами)11) Сокращение: American Institute of Technology, Assembly Inspection / Integration Test, Atmospheric Interceptor Technology, Average Instruction Time12) Театр: Arts Initiative Tokyo13) Университет: Advanced Institutional Training14) Физиология: Acute Intensive Treatment, Auditory Integration Therapy15) Вычислительная техника: Advanced Intelligent Tape (Sony; drive), Advanced Intelligent Tape (Sony, Streamer), Angewandte InformationsTechnik (verlags gmbh, Hersteller), advanced intelligent tape16) Нефть: Array Induction Imager Tool17) Космонавтика: Asian Institute of Technology18) Банковское дело: advance income tax-досрочный подоходный налог19) Транспорт: Automated Identification Technology, Automated Information Transfer20) СМИ: African Independent Television21) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: array induction tool22) Образование: Agency for Instructional Technology23) Полимеры: autoignition temperature24) Расширение файла: Advanced Intelligent Tape (drive, Sony)25) Автоматическое регулирование: Array Induction Imager Tool [Schlumberger]26) Нефть и газ: Array Induction Imager Tool (Schlumberger), групповой индукционный зонд, зонд группового импульсного построителя, Azimuthal Induction Tool27) ООН: Asian Institute for Technology28) Должность: Aide In Training, Applied Information Technology30) Программное обеспечение: Auditory Integration Training -
8 ait
1) Общая лексика: Agency for Instructional Television2) Компьютерная техника: Advanced Intelligent Technology, afocal interferometer telescope3) Авиация: Automatic Integrity Test4) Американизм: Action Item Tracking5) Военный термин: Army individual test, Army intelligence translator, Aryan Invasion Theory, Automatic Identification Technology, advanced individual training, advanced infantry training, automotive information test, повышенная одиночная подготовка, Advanced Individual Training (the period following Basic Training, specialized training given each soldier based on his MOS (Military Occupational Specialty), ie MOS 11B10, 11B20 received Infantry training etc.)6) Техника: Architect In Training, augmented inspection team7) Шутливое выражение: Ants In Training, Apathetic Incompetent Troglodytes8) Математика: Algorithmic Information Theory9) Юридический термин: Antiquated Inept Thieves10) Телекоммуникации: Artificially Inflated Traffic (фиктивный телекоммуникационный трафик, генерируемый автоматическими устройствами, а не реальными абонентами)11) Сокращение: American Institute of Technology, Assembly Inspection / Integration Test, Atmospheric Interceptor Technology, Average Instruction Time12) Театр: Arts Initiative Tokyo13) Университет: Advanced Institutional Training14) Физиология: Acute Intensive Treatment, Auditory Integration Therapy15) Вычислительная техника: Advanced Intelligent Tape (Sony; drive), Advanced Intelligent Tape (Sony, Streamer), Angewandte InformationsTechnik (verlags gmbh, Hersteller), advanced intelligent tape16) Нефть: Array Induction Imager Tool17) Космонавтика: Asian Institute of Technology18) Банковское дело: advance income tax-досрочный подоходный налог19) Транспорт: Automated Identification Technology, Automated Information Transfer20) СМИ: African Independent Television21) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: array induction tool22) Образование: Agency for Instructional Technology23) Полимеры: autoignition temperature24) Расширение файла: Advanced Intelligent Tape (drive, Sony)25) Автоматическое регулирование: Array Induction Imager Tool [Schlumberger]26) Нефть и газ: Array Induction Imager Tool (Schlumberger), групповой индукционный зонд, зонд группового импульсного построителя, Azimuthal Induction Tool27) ООН: Asian Institute for Technology28) Должность: Aide In Training, Applied Information Technology30) Программное обеспечение: Auditory Integration Training -
9 IPT
1) Компьютерная техника: Information Processing Technologies2) Медицина: Instant Pressure Type3) Военный термин: Image Perspective Transformation, incremental proof testing, infrared plume target, initial production test, installation preflight test, international planning team, группа готовой продукции (Integrated Product Team), ГГП, КРГ, комплексная рабочая группа4) Религия: Intercessory Prayer Team5) Юридический термин: Inmate Population Tracking, International Protection Teams6) Страхование: налог на страховую премию (insurance premium tax)7) Incentive Physical Training (мотивированная физподготовка, физуха) (в морской пехоте США)8) Телекоммуникации: Internet Protocol Telephony9) Сокращение: Integrated Product Team, Integrated Project Teams, Intelligent Procedure Trainer, internal pipe thread, iron pipe thread, Individual Perception Threshold, Institution of Petroleum Technologists, interested party transaction10) Физика: Inductive Power Transfer11) Электроника: Ideal Process Time12) Нефть: Institute of Petroleum Technology, Нефтяной технологический институт (Великобритания; Institution of Petroleum Technologists)13) Иммунология: Insulin Potentiation Therapy14) Связь: IP Telephony15) Деловая лексика: Integrated Processes And Technologies16) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Island Project Team17) Образование: Idea Proficiency Tests18) Полимеры: Institute of Petroleum Technologists19) Программирование: Ignite Paper Tape20) Контроль качества: initial product test21) Сахалин Р: Integrated Project Team22) Химическое оружие: Integrated Process Team, Integration Process Team23) Авиационная медицина: initial pilot training24) Электротехника: interphase transformer26) Аэропорты: Williamsport, Pennsylvania USA27) Программное обеспечение: Image Processing Toolbox, Imsl Productivity Toolkit, Imsl Productivity Tools, Innovative Print Tools28) Корпоративное управление: interested party transactions -
10 ITT
1) Общая лексика: initial teacher training, Institute of Travel and Tourism2) Авиация: Interstage Turbine Temperature3) Медицина: Общая выборка (При переводе можно оставлять "как есть", например, ITT population – ITT–популяция), immune tolerance therapy (индукция иммунной толерантности), Лица, включённые в исследование и принявшие, в экспериментальных группах, хотя бы одну дозу исследуемого препарата, Пациенты, включённые в исследование, пациенты, предназначенные для лечения ((в рамках клинического ислледования) intent-to-treat)4) Военный термин: Information Tour and Travel, individual technical training, interrogator-translator team, intertheater transfer, intertype training, intratheater transfer5) Сокращение: Integrated Test Team (USA), Integrated Test Team, International Telephone and Telegraph, Invitation To Tender (U.K.), inside trim template, inter-turbine temperature, intention to treat (общая выборка - обозначение выборки субъектов, выразивших желание лечиться в рамках клинического исследования и принявшие исследуемый препарат хотя бы один раз)6) Физиология: Internal tibial torsion7) Электроника: Inter- Test Time8) Вычислительная техника: приглашение к передаче, International Telegraph and Telephone (organization)9) Транспорт: Inter Terminal Transport10) Деловая лексика: Information Technology Team, Inside Technology Training, приглашение к участию в тендере11) Сетевые технологии: invitation to transmit12) Контроль качества: (Initial Type Test) Начальный типовой контроль13) Чат: In This Thread -
11 itt
1) Общая лексика: initial teacher training, Institute of Travel and Tourism2) Авиация: Interstage Turbine Temperature3) Медицина: Общая выборка (При переводе можно оставлять "как есть", например, ITT population – ITT–популяция), immune tolerance therapy (индукция иммунной толерантности), Лица, включённые в исследование и принявшие, в экспериментальных группах, хотя бы одну дозу исследуемого препарата, Пациенты, включённые в исследование, пациенты, предназначенные для лечения ((в рамках клинического ислледования) intent-to-treat)4) Военный термин: Information Tour and Travel, individual technical training, interrogator-translator team, intertheater transfer, intertype training, intratheater transfer5) Сокращение: Integrated Test Team (USA), Integrated Test Team, International Telephone and Telegraph, Invitation To Tender (U.K.), inside trim template, inter-turbine temperature, intention to treat (общая выборка - обозначение выборки субъектов, выразивших желание лечиться в рамках клинического исследования и принявшие исследуемый препарат хотя бы один раз)6) Физиология: Internal tibial torsion7) Электроника: Inter- Test Time8) Вычислительная техника: приглашение к передаче, International Telegraph and Telephone (organization)9) Транспорт: Inter Terminal Transport10) Деловая лексика: Information Technology Team, Inside Technology Training, приглашение к участию в тендере11) Сетевые технологии: invitation to transmit12) Контроль качества: (Initial Type Test) Начальный типовой контроль13) Чат: In This Thread -
12 electric
electric [ɪ'lektrɪk](a) (cooker, cable, current, musical instrument) électrique;∎ figurative the atmosphere of the meeting was electric l'atmosphère de la réunion était électrique;∎ the effect of her words was electric ses mots ont eu un effet électrisant(b) Ichthyology électrogène2 noun►► Technology electric arc arc m électrique;British electric blanket couverture f chauffante;electric blue bleu m électrique;Ichthyology electric catfish silure m électrique, malaptérure m;electric central heating chauffage m central électrique;electric chair chaise f électrique;∎ to go to the electric chair être envoyé à la chaise électrique;electric charge charge f électrique;Ichthyology electric eel anguille f électrique;electric eye œil m électrique;electric fence clôture f électrique;electric field champ m électrique;electric fire appareil m de chauffage électrique;electric guitar guitare f électrique;electric heater appareil m de chauffage électrique;electric light (individual appliance) lumière f électrique; (lighting) éclairage m ou lumière f électrique;electric motor moteur m électrique;electric organ Music orgue f électrique; Ichthyology appareil m électrogène;electric power station centrale f électrique;Ichthyology electric ray torpille f;electric shock décharge f électrique;∎ I got an electric shock from the switch j'ai reçu une décharge en touchant l'interrupteur;Medicine electric shock therapy or electric shock treatment traitement m par électrochocs;electric storm orage m;electric underblanket protège-matelas m chauffant;Cars electric window glace f ou vitre f électrique -
13 Psychoanalysis
[Psychoanalysis] seeks to prove to the ego that it is not even master in its own house, but must content itself with scanty information of what is going on unconsciously in the mind. (Freud, 1953-1974, Vol. 16, pp. 284-285)Although in the interview the analyst is supposedly a "passive" auditor of the "free association" narration by the subject, in point of fact the analyst does direct the course of the narrative. This by itself does not necessarily impair the evidential worth of the outcome, for even in the most meticulously conducted laboratory experiment the experimenter intervenes to obtain the data he is after. There is nevertheless the difficulty that in the nature of the case the full extent of the analyst's intervention is not a matter that is open to public scrutiny, so that by and large one has only his own testimony as to what transpires in the consulting room. It is perhaps unnecessary to say that this is not a question about the personal integrity of psychoanalytic practitioners. The point is the fundamental one that no matter how firmly we may resolve to make explicit our biases, no human being is aware of all of them, and that objectivity in science is achieved through the criticism of publicly accessible material by a community of independent inquirers.... Moreover, unless data are obtained under carefully standardized circumstances, or under different circumstances whose dependence on known variables is nevertheless established, even an extensive collection of data is an unreliable basis for inference. To be sure, analysts apparently do attempt to institute standard conditions for the conduct of interviews. But there is not much information available on the extent to which the standardization is actually enforced, or whether it relates to more than what may be superficial matters. (E. Nagel, 1959, pp. 49-50)3) No Necessary Incompatibility between Psychoanalysis and Certain Religious Formulationshere would seem to be no necessary incompatibility between psychoanalysis and those religious formulations which locate God within the self. One could, indeed, argue that Freud's Id (and even more Groddeck's It), the impersonal force within which is both the core of oneself and yet not oneself, and from which in illness one become[s] alienated, is a secular formation of the insight which makes religious people believe in an immanent God. (Ryecroft, 1966, p. 22)Freudian analysts emphasized that their theories were constantly verified by their "clinical observations."... It was precisely this fact-that they always fitted, that they were always confirmed-which in the eyes of their admirers constituted the strongest argument in favour of these theories. It began to dawn on me that this apparent strength was in fact their weakness.... It is easy to obtain confirmations or verifications, for nearly every theory-if we look for confirmation. (Popper, 1968, pp. 3435)5) Psychoanalysis Is Not a Science But Rather the Interpretation of a Narrated HistoryPsychoanalysis does not satisfy the standards of the sciences of observation, and the "facts" it deals with are not verifiable by multiple, independent observers.... There are no "facts" nor any observation of "facts" in psychoanalysis but rather the interpretation of a narrated history. (Ricoeur, 1974, p. 186)6) Some of the Qualities of a Scientific Approach Are Possessed by PsychoanalysisIn sum: psychoanalysis is not a science, but it shares some of the qualities associated with a scientific approach-the search for truth, understanding, honesty, openness to the import of the observation and evidence, and a skeptical stance toward authority. (Breger, 1981, p. 50)[Attributes of Psychoanalysis:]1. Psychic Determinism. No item in mental life and in conduct and behavior is "accidental"; it is the outcome of antecedent conditions.2. Much mental activity and behavior is purposive or goal-directed in character.3. Much of mental activity and behavior, and its determinants, is unconscious in character. 4. The early experience of the individual, as a child, is very potent, and tends to be pre-potent over later experience. (Farrell, 1981, p. 25)Our sceptic may be unwise enough... to maintain that, because analytic theory is unscientific on his criterion, it is not worth discussing. This step is unwise, because it presupposes that, if a study is not scientific on his criterion, it is not a rational enterprise... an elementary and egregious mistake. The scientific and the rational are not co-extensive. Scientific work is only one form that rational inquiry can take: there are many others. (Farrell, 1981, p. 46)Psychoanalysts have tended to write as though the term analysis spoke for itself, as if the statement "analysis revealed" or "it was analyzed as" preceding a clinical assertion was sufficient to establish the validity of what was being reported. An outsider might easily get the impression from reading the psychoanalytic literature that some standardized, generally accepted procedure existed for both inference and evidence. Instead, exactly the opposite has been true. Clinical material in the hands of one analyst can lead to totally different "findings" in the hands of another. (Peterfreund, 1986, p. 128)The analytic process-the means by which we arrive at psychoanalytic understanding-has been largely neglected and is poorly understood, and there has been comparatively little interest in the issues of inference and evidence. Indeed, psychoanalysts as a group have not recognized the importance of being bound by scientific constraints. They do not seem to understand that a possibility is only that-a possibility-and that innumerable ways may exist to explain the same data. Psychoanalysts all too often do not seem to distinguish hypotheses from facts, nor do they seem to understand that hypotheses must be tested in some way, that criteria for evidence must exist, and that any given test for any hypothesis must allow for the full range of substantiation/refutation. (Peterfreund, 1986, p. 129)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Psychoanalysis
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14 Bibliography
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